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废气吸收塔的作用

2020.2.2
   废气吸收塔是目前应用比较广泛也是研究较多的有机废气处理设备方法 ,特别是对低浓度有机废气 ,有机化合物的热破坏可分为直接火焰燃烧和催化燃烧。直接火焰燃烧是一种有机物在气流中直接燃烧和辅助的方法。多数情况下,有机物浓度较低 ,不足以在没有辅助燃料时燃烧。直接火焰燃烧在适当温度和保留时间条件下,可以达到 99%的热处理效率。
 
 
 
    催化燃烧是有机物在气流中被加热,在催化床层作用下,加快有机物化学反应(或破坏效率的方法 ) ,催化剂的存在使有机物在热破坏时比直接燃烧法需要更少的保留时间和更低的温度。催化剂在催化燃烧系统中起着重要作用。用于有机废气净化的催化剂主要是金 属和金属盐 ,金属包括贵金属和非贵金属。目前使用的金属催化剂主要是 Pt、 Pd,技术成熟 ,而且催化活性高 ,但价格比较昂贵而且在处理卤素有机物 ,含N、 S、 P等元素时 ,有机物易发生氧化等作用使催化剂失活。非金属催化剂有过渡族元素钴、 稀土等。近年来催化剂的研制无论是国内还是国外进行得较多 ,而且多集中于非贵金属催化剂并取能得了很多成果。例如V2O5 +MOX (M:过渡族金属 ) +贵金属制成的催化剂用于治理甲硫醇废气 , Pt + Pd + Cu催人剂用于治理含氮有机醇废气。
 
 
 
    由于有机废气中常出现杂质 ,很容易引起催化剂中毒,导致催化剂中毒的毒物 (抑制剂主要有磷、 铅、 铋砷、 锡、 汞、 亚铁离子锌、 卤素等。催化剂载体起到节省催化剂 ,增大催化剂有效面积 ,使催化剂具有一定机械强度 ,减少烧结 ,提高催化活性和稳定性的作用。能作为载体的材料主要有AL2O3铁钒、石棉、 陶土、 活性炭、 金属等 ,常用的是陶瓷载体一般制成网状、 球状、柱状、峰窝状。另外近年来研究较多且成功的有丝光沸石等。对催化燃烧而言 ,今后研究的重点与热点仍将是探索高效高活性的催化剂及其载体 ,催化氧化机理。
 
Waste gas absorption tower is currently widely used and studied more organic waste gas treatment equipment method, especially for low concentration of organic waste gas, organic compounds thermal damage can be divided into direct flame combustion and catalytic combustion. Direct flame combustion is a method of direct and auxiliary combustion of organic matter in airflow. In most cases, the concentration of organic matter is too low to burn without auxiliary fuel. Direct flame combustion can achieve 99% heat treatment efficiency at appropriate temperature and retention time.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Catalytic combustion is the process by which organic matter is heated in the air stream to accelerate the chemical reaction of organic matter (or to destroy the efficiency) under the action of catalytic bed. The presence of catalyst makes the thermal destruction of organic matter require less retention time and lower temperature than the direct combustion method. Catalyst plays an important role in catalytic combustion system. The catalysts used for the purification of organic waste gas are mainly gold and metal salts, including precious and non-precious metals. At present, the main metal catalysts used are Pt and Pd, with mature technology and high catalytic activity, but the price is relatively expensive. Moreover, in the treatment of halogen organic compounds, containing N, S, P and other elements, organic compounds are prone to oxidation and other functions to deactivate the catalyst. Non - metallic catalyst has transition group element cobalt, rare earth and so on. In recent years, there have been many researches on catalysts both at home and abroad. For example, catalyst made of V2O5 +MOX (M: transition metal) + precious metal is used to treat methyl mertan waste gas, Pt + Pd + Cu catalyst is used to treat nitrogen-containing organic alcohol waste gas.